![]() ĬOVID‑19 vaccines have some adverse effects that are listed as common in the two or three days following vaccination which are usually mild and temporary. DIC may cause a range of symptoms, including abnormal bleeding, breathlessness, chest pain, neurological symptoms, low blood pressure, or swelling. ![]() ĭisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), diffuse formation of blood clots throughout the blood vessels of the body, has been reported as part of the syndrome. The low platelet count may manifest as petechia (tiny blood spots under the skin) beyond the site of the injection. Arterial thrombosis has also been reported. Other forms of thrombosis, such as the more common pulmonary embolism, may also occur. Splanchnic vein thrombosis may cause abdominal pain, accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis may cause severe headache, stroke-like symptoms (weakness of a limb and/or facial muscles), seizures and coma. Several relatively unusual types of thrombosis were specifically reported to be occurring in those with the reaction: cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and thrombosis of the splanchnic veins. The thrombosis events associated with the COVID‑19 vaccine may occur 4–28 days after its administration and mainly affects women under 55. In April 2021, AstraZeneca and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) updated their information for healthcare professionals about AZD1222, saying it is "considered plausible" that there is a causal relationship between the vaccination and the occurrence of thrombosis in combination with thrombocytopenia and that, "although such adverse reactions are very rare, they exceeded what would be expected in the general population". On the FDA posted a bulletin limiting the use of the Janssen Vaccine to very specific cases due to further reassesment of the risks of TTS, although the FDA also stated in the same bulletin that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the risks. It was subsequently also described in the Janssen COVID‑19 vaccine (Johnson & Johnson) leading to suspension of its use until its safety had been reassessed. Post-vaccination embolic and thrombotic events, termed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia ( VITT), vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia ( VIPIT), thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome ( TTS), vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis ( VITT), or vaccine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenia ( VATT), are rare types of blood clotting syndromes that were initially observed in a number of people who had previously received the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine (AZD1222) during the COVID‑19 pandemic.
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